The End of Work as We Know It: How AI Will Transform Society Into 'Capitalism 2.0' — An Exclusive Interview with Post-Labor Economics Expert Dalibor Petrovic

From Deloitte's top echelon to the forefront of post-labor economics theory, Canadian technology strategist Dalibor Petrovic sits with Roy Perlson, founder of next generation outplacement platform Jobago.ai, and reveals why the next decade will determine whether humanity enters a golden age of abundance or faces unprecedented economic collapse. 

Dalibor Petrovic, Canadian technology strategist.

Roy Perlson: Dalibor, you've had a remarkable 25+ year career spanning technology strategy, management consulting, and now post-labor economics. Can you walk us through how you evolved from leading Deloitte's Technology Advisory practice to becoming a thought leader in what many consider the most important economic transformation of our time? 

Dalibor Petrovic: My journey into post-labor economics began with three decades of witnessing technology's relentless march toward automation. At Deloitte, I was leading executive programs for technology leaders across industries — from government and financial services to energy and high tech. What struck me was the consistent pattern: technology always wins when it can deliver faster, cheaper, better, and safer solutions. 

But the real awakening came when I discovered Dave Shapiro's work on post-labor economics through YouTube. Here was someone articulating what I'd been observing firsthand — that we're approaching a fundamental inflection point where AI and automation aren't just changing individual jobs, they're restructuring the entire foundation of our economic system. 

The transition from my traditional consulting role to founding The Summit Leadership Alliance and hosting "TechTonic Conversations" was about recognizing that we need new frameworks for leadership in this transformed landscape. We're not just talking about digital transformation anymore; we're talking about societal transformation. 

Roy Perlson: You've mentioned that post-labor economics represents "Capitalism 2.0" rather than socialism. Can you explain what you mean by that and why this distinction matters? 

Dalibor Petrovic: This is crucial because there's a dangerous misconception that post-labor economics equals neo-communism or neo-socialism. History has shown us repeatedly — from Mao's China to the Soviet Union — that models where government controls everything simply don't work in practice. 

What we're actually witnessing is the evolution of capitalism itself. In Capitalism 1.0, wealth was primarily distributed through wages for labor. In Capitalism 2.0, wealth will be distributed through property rights, government transfers, and new mechanisms we're still developing. 

The key difference is that we're not eliminating private ownership or free markets. Instead, we're expanding who gets to participate in ownership. Think about it: when automation and AI generate unprecedented wealth, that wealth has to go somewhere. The question is whether it concentrates among a tiny elite of capital owners or gets distributed more broadly. 

This isn't about everyone sitting around playing video games. It's about preserving human dignity and economic agency while transitioning to an economy where human labor is no longer the primary source of value creation. 

Roy Perlson: You've referenced four key human productivity levers that are being systematically automated. Can you break these down and explain where we are in this process? 

Dalibor Petrovic: David Shapiro's framework identifies four fundamental human capabilities: Strength, Dexterity, Cognition, and Empathy. We've already largely automated the first two. 

Strength was the first to go — we replaced human muscle power with machines during the Industrial Revolution. Dexterity followed with advanced robotics and manufacturing automation. 

Now we're in the middle of automating Cognition — and this is happening faster than most people realize. AI systems are already outperforming humans in pattern recognition, data analysis, strategic planning, and even creative tasks like writing and design. 

Empathy is the final frontier, but even here, we're seeing rapid advances. AI systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated at understanding and responding to human emotions, providing customer service, therapeutic support, and even companionship. 

What's particularly striking is that we're not just automating blue-collar work anymore. Knowledge workers — lawyers, doctors, consultants, analysts — are finding their cognitive tasks increasingly automated. This is why post-labor economics affects everyone, not just manufacturing workers. 

Roy Perlson: From your experience at Deloitte working with major corporations, how are enterprise leaders currently thinking about this transformation? Are they prepared for what's coming? 

Dalibor Petrovic: Honestly, there's a massive disconnect between what's technically possible and what most enterprise leaders are actively planning for. In my work with C-suite executives, I see three categories of awareness: 

First, there are the early adopters — primarily in tech companies — who are aggressively implementing AI and automation to drive efficiency gains. They're seeing 10-50% productivity improvements in specific functions and are actively planning for broader deployment. 

Second, there's a large middle group that understands AI is important but is taking a wait-and-see approach. They're running pilot projects and proof-of-concepts but haven't fundamentally reimagined their business models. 

Third, there's a concerning number of leaders who are still thinking about AI as just another technology upgrade rather than a fundamental shift in the nature of work itself. 

The reality is that those efficiency gains from AI will primarily be realized through workforce reductions. When a company can achieve the same output with 30% fewer people, the market pressures are too strong to ignore. But very few organizations are thinking about their responsibility to displaced workers or their role in the broader societal transition. 

Roy Perlson: You've proposed a three-tier intervention framework. Can you elaborate on what needs to happen at the policy, enterprise, and individual levels? 

Dalibor Petrovic: Absolutely. We need coordinated action across all three levels because this transformation is happening whether we're prepared or not. 

At the policy level, governments need to fundamentally rethink taxation, wealth distribution, and social contracts. Our current tax system is heavily dependent on payroll taxes, but what happens when there are no more paychecks to tax? We need to develop mechanisms to tax the wealth generated by automation and redistribute it effectively. 

This could include concepts like robot taxes, where companies pay into a societal fund based on the human labor they've automated. We could explore models like universal basic income, universal basic services, or what I find particularly intriguing — universal basic assets, where citizens receive fractional ownership stakes in the automated economy, earning monthly dividends. 

Think about Norway's sovereign wealth fund model but applied to the automation dividend. Imagine if 10% of the productivity gains from AI were pooled into a national fund that pays dividends to all citizens. These aren't radical socialist concepts — they're capitalism expanding to include everyone. 

At the enterprise level, companies need to think beyond just maximizing shareholder value. When you automate away human jobs, you also automate away your customer base. There's a fundamental contradiction in capitalism where efficiency gains through automation ultimately undermine aggregate demand.  

Forward-thinking companies should be exploring models where displaced workers receive equity stakes in the automation that replaced them. If an AI system replaces a knowledge worker's job, perhaps that worker should receive fractional ownership of the value that AI creates. This creates a pathway from employment to ownership. Could this work? We have examples of such concepts: ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plans), cooperatives, defined benefit pension plans, loyalty programs, and other mechanisms that provide alternative and creative equity structures. I can envision scenarios where firms establish ‘Automation Equity Participation Plans’, perhaps in forms of Trusts, where the AI & Automation assets are held, and where a percentage of additional wealth generated through AI & Automation is allocated to be distributed to the Trustees – the displaced worker. 

At the individual and family level, people need to diversify away from dependence on wage labor. This means building portfolios of passive income sources — rental properties, dividend-paying stocks, intellectual property, small business ownership. The goal is to have multiple income streams so you're not entirely dependent on a job that could be automated. 

Roy Perlson: You've mentioned that we might see economic growth of 10x, 50x, or even 100x. How is this possible, and what would it mean for ordinary people? 

Dalibor Petrovic: This projection comes from thinkers & visionaries like Mo Gawdat, Elon Musk, and many others, and is based on the fundamental economics of full automation. When you remove human labor costs, energy becomes the primary constraint on production. If we can achieve cheap, abundant energy — whether through fusion, advanced solar, or other breakthrough technologies — the costs of producing goods and services plummet. 

Imagine a world where manufacturing is fully automated, transportation is autonomous, and even complex services are AI-delivered. The marginal cost of production approaches zero for many goods and services. In economic terms, we're looking at unprecedented abundance. 

But here's the key insight: this abundance only benefits everyone if we have distribution mechanisms in place. Without proper redistribution, you get a scenario where 0.01% of the population owns everything and everyone else lives in poverty despite unprecedented productive capacity. 

If we get the distribution right, however, we could see what amounts to universal high income rather than just universal basic income. Every person could have access to goods and services that would be considered luxurious by today's standards. 

Think about it: resources on Earth are quite plentiful when you factor out human labor costs and achieve efficient resource utilization through AI optimization. The challenge isn't production capacity — it's ensuring everyone benefits from that capacity. 

Roy Perlson: What role does energy play in this transformation, and how do you see different regions positioning themselves? 

Dalibor Petrovic: Energy is absolutely critical because it becomes the primary constraint in a fully automated economy. I'm quite concerned about Western Europe's trajectory here. They've been deindustrializing while becoming increasingly dependent on energy imports. In a post-labor economy, this could be catastrophic. 

The United States, by contrast, has been securing domestic energy resources — oil, natural gas, and increasingly, renewable capacity. China is massively investing in manufacturing automation while also building out energy infrastructure. These strategic choices will determine which societies successfully navigate the transition. 

Countries that control abundant, cheap energy and combine it with advanced automation will have enormous advantages. They'll be able to produce goods and services at marginal costs and potentially share that abundance with their populations. 

This creates a new form of geopolitics where energy security and automation capability become more important than traditional military power or even financial systems. The societies that get this equation right — abundant energy plus full automation plus effective wealth distribution — will thrive. Others may face serious challenges. 

Roy Perlson: How do you respond to critics who say post-labor economics is just science fiction or that we'll create new types of jobs as we always have? 

Dalibor Petrovic: This is the most common objection I hear, and I understand why people default to historical precedent. Throughout history, technological advancement has indeed created new categories of work even as it eliminated others. 

But there are several reasons why this time is fundamentally different.  

Firstly, we're seeing evidence already. Knowledge work — the sector that was supposed to be immune to automation — is being rapidly transformed. Legal research, financial analysis, medical diagnosis, creative writing, software development — all are being augmented or replaced by AI systems. Knowledge work is at the core of our Services-Based economies in most Western countries, forming 70-80% of GDP. So, the scope of impact is vast. 

Second, the speed of change is unprecedented. Previous technological transitions happened over generations. The shift from agricultural to industrial economy took over a century. The current AI revolution is happening in decades, possibly even years for specific sectors. 

Thirdly, we're not just automating physical tasks or even specific cognitive tasks — we're automating the general capacity for cognition itself. When AI can outperform humans at pattern recognition, strategic thinking, creativity, and even empathy, we are out of our moats. People who lose their knowledge jobs to automation will likely not be able to get a similar job anymore – whole professions will become superfluous.  Ask yourself: why pay a $150,000 salary to someone if you could accomplish similar outcomes better, faster, cheaper, safer with an AI Agent that may cost $20 per month in subscription fees, and will work 24-7-365 without a need for vacation, health plans, benefits, etc?  The business case is grotesque.  The real problem: at this point, there are no apparent new industries, or new jobs at scale that are emerging to absorb these individuals who are at risk.  In all previous historic examples, there were clear new industries emerging that absorbed displaced workers: that was the “creative” part of the “creative destruction”.  This time, at least at this point, there is no new industry emerging at scale to absorb these ‘Labor Refugees’. 

I'm not saying we won't create any new jobs. We will. But the mathematical reality is that we're creating far fewer jobs than we're eliminating, and the new jobs often require skills that displaced workers don't have and may not be able to develop quickly enough. 

The "new jobs" argument also misses a crucial point: even if we create new categories of work, if AI can be trained to do those jobs better and cheaper than humans, how long before those jobs are automated too? 

Roy Perlson: What specific steps should individuals take right now to prepare for this transition? 

Dalibor Petrovic: The most important thing is to start building wealth outside of wage labor immediately. Don't wait for the perfect moment or until you have significant capital — start small and build momentum. 

First, diversify your income sources. Look for opportunities to create passive income streams. This could be rental properties if you have the capital, but it could also be smaller investments like dividend-paying stocks, peer-to-peer lending, or even owning vending machines or laundromats. The goal is to have income that doesn't depend on you showing up to work every day. 

Second, invest in appreciating assets. I personally diversify across real estate, precious metals, and stocks. These are hedges against currency devaluation and ways to benefit from overall economic growth, including growth driven by automation. 

Third, develop technological literacy. You don't need to become a programmer, but you need to understand how AI and automation tools can augment your work rather than replace it. The people who thrive in the transition will be those who can work alongside AI systems effectively. 

Fourth, think entrepreneurially. With AI tools, the barriers to starting businesses have never been lower. I was able to significantly reduce my operational costs when I left Deloitte to start my own business, largely by leveraging technology. Look for opportunities to create value using AI as a force multiplier. 

Finally, invest in relationships and community. In a post-labor economy, human connection and community become even more valuable. Build networks, develop your reputation, and think about how you can contribute to your community in non-monetary ways. 

Roy Perlson: How should parents be advising their children about education and career choices given this transformation? 

Dalibor Petrovic: This is one of the most challenging questions I get because we're asking young people to prepare for a world that doesn't exist yet using an educational system designed for a world that's rapidly disappearing. 

The traditional path — get good grades, go to university, get a stable job — is becoming less reliable. Even highly educated professionals are finding their roles automated or augmented by AI. I've spoken with parents whose children are pursuing traditional professional paths like law or accounting, not realizing these fields are among the most susceptible to AI disruption. 

Instead of focusing solely on specific career paths, I recommend developing meta-skills: critical thinking, creativity, emotional intelligence, and adaptability. These are harder to automate and more transferable across changing economic conditions. 

Financial literacy is absolutely crucial. Young people need to understand investing, passive income, and wealth building much earlier than previous generations. They should understand that their primary financial security may come from ownership rather than employment. 

Entrepreneurial thinking is essential. Even if they don't start businesses, they need to think like owners rather than employees. How can they create value? How can they leverage technology? How can they build systems that work without their constant input? 

Technology fluency without technology dependence is key. They should understand AI tools and use them effectively, but also develop uniquely human capabilities that complement rather than compete with machines. 

Most importantly, we need to help them develop resilience and adaptability. The world they'll inhabit as adults will be very different from today. The ability to learn continuously, pivot quickly, and thrive in uncertainty will be more valuable than any specific skill set. 

Roy Perlson: What gives you optimism about humanity's ability to navigate this transition successfully? 

Dalibor Petrovic: Despite the challenges, I'm fundamentally optimistic because I believe this transition represents the end of an era of human suffering that defined the last 12,000 years. 

Think about it: since the agricultural revolution, most humans have lived under conditions of scarcity. We've organized societies around the assumption that survival requires most people to spend most of their waking hours doing work they don't particularly enjoy. We've accepted inequality, competition for resources, and various forms of exploitation as natural and inevitable. 

But what if they're not? What if scarcity was just a temporary condition that we're about to transcend by taking full advantage of AI/Automation/Robotics to generate enormous new wealth that will be equitably shared by the whole of humanity. 

In a world of abundant energy and full automation, we could have enough resources for everyone to live comfortably while pursuing their intrinsic interests. Instead of being forced to work for survival, people could choose to contribute based on passion, meaning, and altruistic motivations. 

I envision a future where humanity looks back at this era — what I call the "age of enslavement" — with the same perspective we now have on historical practices like feudalism or slavery. Necessary for their time, perhaps, but ultimately systems we've evolved beyond. 

The transition won't be easy, but the end state could be extraordinary: a world where human potential is liberated rather than constrained by economic necessity. Where people can develop their full capabilities, pursue meaningful relationships, and contribute to their communities without the constant pressure of economic survival. 

That's a future worth working toward, and I believe we have the tools and wisdom to achieve it if we act thoughtfully and deliberately. 

Roy Perlson: What's your message to policymakers and business leaders who might be reading this? 

Dalibor Petrovic: The window for proactive planning is closing rapidly. We can either manage this transition deliberately or let it happen to us chaotically. 

For policymakers: Start having serious conversations about post-labor economics now. Commission studies on wealth distribution mechanisms. Experiment with pilot programs for universal basic income or universal basic assets. Reform tax systems to capture wealth from automation. Most importantly, recognize that this isn't a distant future problem — it's happening now in industry after industry.  

For business leaders: Understand that your responsibility extends beyond shareholders to include employees, communities, and society at large. When you implement automation, think about how displaced workers can share in the productivity gains. Consider models where employees receive equity stakes in the systems that replace their jobs. Remember that a economy with high unemployment and low wages is also an economy with few customers for your products. 

The existential risk we face isn't technological — it's social and political. If we allow automation benefits to concentrate among a small elite while everyone else faces economic displacement, we'll create conditions for social instability that could undermine the entire system. 

But if we can develop fair distribution mechanisms, we have the opportunity to create unprecedented prosperity for everyone. The choice is ours, but we need to make it soon. 

Roy Perlson: Where can people learn more about these ideas and get involved in the movement? 

Dalibor Petrovic: The post-labor economics community is still emerging, but there are excellent resources available. Start with David Shapiro's YouTube channel — his explanations of the core concepts are accessible and comprehensive.  David and I are joining forces to help policy makers and enterpise leaders develop and deploy the right policy interventions. So, we are very keen to engage in concrete opportunties to help. 

For deeper understanding, I recommend the work of Erik Brynjolfsson at Stanford, particularly "The Second Machine Age." Martin Ford's "Rise of the Robots" provides excellent analysis of technological unemployment. Guy Standing's work on the "precariat" offers important insights into labor market changes. 

Other thinkers worth following include Peter Diamandis on abundance theory, Yuval Noah Harari on societal implications of AI, and Ray Kurzweil on technological singularity concepts. 

On the policy side, organizations like the Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN) are doing important research on wealth distribution mechanisms. 

I'm also working to build awareness through my "TechTonic Conversations" webcast series, where we explore these topics with technology leaders across Canada and beyond. 

The key is to start engaging with these ideas now. Join the conversation online, attend webinars, read the research, and most importantly, start preparing personally for the changes ahead. This transformation will affect everyone, and the more people who understand what's happening, the better positioned we'll be to navigate it successfully. 

This isn't just an academic exercise — it's the defining challenge of our time. How we handle the transition to post-labor economics will determine whether the next century is characterized by unprecedented human flourishing or unprecedented inequality and social instability. 

I believe we can achieve the positive outcome, but it will require awareness, planning, and coordinated action across all levels of society. The conversation starts now. 

Key Takeaways 

🔑 The Four Pillars of Human Productivity Are Being Automated 

• Strength and Dexterity are already largely automated 

• Cognition is being rapidly automated by AI systems 

• Empathy, the final frontier, is increasingly handled by AI 

• This represents the first time in history that all human capabilities face automation 

💼 This Transformation Affects Knowledge Workers Most 

• Unlike previous automation waves, AI is targeting cognitive work first 

• Lawyers, doctors, consultants, and analysts face immediate disruption 

• The "new jobs will replace old jobs" argument may not apply this time 

• Speed of change is unprecedented — happening in years, not generations 

💰 Post-Labor Economics is "Capitalism 2.0," Not Socialism 

• Wealth distribution shifts from wages to property rights and transfers 

• Private ownership remains, but ownership must expand to include everyone 

• Models include universal basic income, universal basic assets, and dividend payments from automation 

• Norway's sovereign wealth fund provides a potential template 

⚡ Energy Becomes the Primary Economic Constraint 

• With human labor automated, energy costs determine production costs 

• Countries with abundant, cheap energy will have massive advantages 

• Western Europe's energy dependence poses serious risks 

• US and China's energy strategies position them well for the transition 

🛡️ Three-Level Intervention Framework Required 

• Policy Level: Robot taxes, wealth redistribution, reformed tax systems 

• Enterprise Level: Equity sharing with displaced workers, broader stakeholder responsibility 

• Individual Level: Diversified income streams, asset ownership, technological literacy 

📈 Potential for 10x-100x Economic Growth 

• Full automation with abundant energy could create unprecedented wealth 

• The challenge is distribution, not production capacity 

• Could lead to "universal high income" rather than just basic income 

• Resources on Earth are actually plentiful when efficiently utilized 

🎯 Immediate Action Steps for Individuals 

• Build passive income streams now, regardless of current capital 

• Invest in appreciating assets (real estate, stocks, precious metals) 

• Develop technological literacy without becoming dependent 

• Think entrepreneurially and leverage AI as a force multiplier 

• Invest in relationships and community connections 

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Education and Career Strategy Must Change 

• Traditional career paths are becoming unreliable 

• Focus on meta-skills: critical thinking, creativity, adaptability 

• Financial literacy is crucial for the ownership economy 

• Entrepreneurial thinking more important than specific technical skills 

• Resilience and continuous learning are essential capabilities 

🌟 The End State Could Be Human Liberation 

• Potential end to 12,000 years of scarcity-based human organization 

• People could pursue intrinsic interests rather than economic survival 

• Shift from financial motivation to altruistic motivation 

• Could represent the greatest positive transformation in human history 

⏰ The Window for Proactive Planning is Closing 

• Changes are happening now, not in some distant future 

• Proactive management better than reactive chaos 

• Requires coordination between policymakers, business leaders, and individuals 

• The decisions made in the next decade will determine the outcome for centuries 

If you found this interview by  Roy Perlson, founder of AI outplacement platform Jobago.ai, about post-labor economics with Canadian technology strategist and former Deloitte senior partner Dalibor Petrovic and you want to further explore the topic of post-labor economics, here is some further reading: 

Erik Brynjolfsson at Stanford's Digital Economy Lab (https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/people/erik-brynjolfsson/) and his bestselling "The

Second Machine Age" (https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/publications/the-second-machine-age/).  

Martin Ford's comprehensive analysis in "Rise of the Robots" is available through multiple publishers ("Rise of the Robots" book review: https://www.hustleescape.com/book-summary-rise-of-the-robots-by-martin-ford/).  

Guy Standing's basic income research through the Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN) can be found at https://basicincome.org/, where he serves as honorary co-president. 

Andrew Yang's influential "The War on Normal People" (https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/andrew-yang/the-war-on-normal-people/9780316414258/) brought UBI into mainstream political discourse. 

Technology leaders provide crucial implementation perspectives:  

Sam Altman's groundbreaking UBI experiments are documented through OpenResearch, with comprehensive analysis available at https://www.ubiworks.ca/blog/openresearch and https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sam-altman-universal-basic-income-study-open-research/. His foundational writing on AI and UBI can be found at https://blog.samaltman.com/.  

Essential economists include Daniel Susskind at Oxford, whose "A World Without Work" (https://www.danielsusskind.com/a-world-without-work) was described by The New York Times as "required reading for any potential presidential candidate thinking about the economy of the future." 

AI researchers Stuart Russell ("Human Compatible") and Kai-Fu Lee ("AI Superpowers") address technical and geopolitical dimensions, while Yuval Noah Harari's explorations of AI's societal implications provide broader frameworks for understanding economic transformation.

Social theorists like Rutger Bregman ("Utopia for Realists"), Jeremy Rifkin ("The Zero Marginal Cost Society"), and Klaus Schwab ("The Fourth Industrial Revolution") offer comprehensive perspectives on this transition.  

For real-world implementation, follow experimental work by Stockton's Michael Tubbs, Kenya's GiveDirectly program, and Finland's UBI trials to see theory meeting practice. 

Additional Source Categories with Links: 

Economists & Researchers: 

• Andrew Yang's "The War on Normal People": https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/andrew-yang/the-war-on-normal-people/9780316414258/ 

• Andrew Yang Book Review: https://www.nateliason.com/notes/war-on-normal-people-andrew-yang 

• Erik Brynjolfsson at Stanford: https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/people/erik-brynjolfsson/ 

• "The Second Machine Age": https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/publications/the-second-machine-age/ 

• Martin Ford's "Rise of the Robots": https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/martin-ford/rise-of-the-robots/9780465040674/ 

• Daniel Susskind's Website: https://www.danielsusskind.com/ 

• "A World Without Work": https://www.danielsusskind.com/a-world-without-work 

• Guy Standing's Website: https://www.guystanding.com/ 

Policy & Research Organizations: 

• Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN): https://basicincome.org/ 

• BIEN History: https://basicincome.org/a-short-history-of-bien/ 

• Stanford Digital Economy Lab: https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/ 

• Oxford Martin School Resources: https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/ 

Sam Altman UBI Experiments & Studies: 

• Sam Altman Study Analysis: https://www.ubiworks.ca/blog/sam-altman-study-stories 

• Sam Altman UBI Research: https://www.ubiworks.ca/blog/openresearch 

• CBS News Coverage: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sam-altman-universal-basic-income-study-open-research/ 

• Y Combinator Original Post: https://www.ycombinator.com/blog/basic-income/ 

• Sam Altman's Blog: https://blog.samaltman.com/technology-and-wealth-inequality 

This comprehensive list provides readers with direct access to the most authoritative sources on post-labor economics (PLE) and Universal Basic Income (UBI) from foundational academic research to real-world implementation studies and ongoing policy discussions. 

For an engaging discussion about this topic see Dalibor Petrovic’s discussion with Dave Shapiro.